VAS. A Semantic Model for Earth Observation Remote Sensing
David Garcia-Rodriguez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-5497), Ernesto López-Baeza (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-2194), Julián Gutiérrez-Moret (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-7922) & Juan José Martínez-Durá (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-991X)
J. Javier Samper Zapater (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-3080) IRTIC - (Instituto de Robótica y Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación)
The VAS ontological model enables the semantic integration of the heterogeneous observations used in ASOTVAS project ( https://robotica.uv.es/proyectos/ASOTVAS/ ), including ground measurements, UAV acquisitions and satellite products. Built as an extension of the W3C SOSA ontology (Janowicz et al., 2018), it incorporates a domain-specific vocabulary tailored to the needs of the Valencia Anchor Station as a CEOS LPV supersite. The model provides additional classes and properties to represent, in a homogeneous way, the different observational platforms: field sensors installed at VAS stations, UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras, and satellite missions such as Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3. All observations follow a common SOSA pattern and share the same structure for results, units and timestamps. By aligning field, UAV and satellite observations under a unified semantic framework, the VAS ontology supports interoperable data access, consistent representation across scales, and integrated analysis of the multi-source measurements collected in ASOTVAS.
IRTIC - (Instituto de Robótica y Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación)
vas
J. Javier Samper-Zapater, Juan J. Martinez-Dura, Javier Martinez-Plume, David García Rodríguez, Julian Gutiérrez Moret, and Ernesto López Baeza. 2025. VAS. A Semantic Model for Earth Observation data. In Proceedings of the 12th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems (EATIS 2024). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 9, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3685243.3685295
New revised and updated version of the ontology with information on data capture using UAVs. Ontology version 1.1 28th November 2025.
The guidelines for using names of persons or organizations as creators also apply to contributors. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Contributor
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Creator
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended practice is to express the date, date/time, or period of time according to ISO 8601-1 [[ISO 8601-1](https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html)] or a published profile of the ISO standard, such as the W3C Note on Date and Time Formats [[W3CDTF](https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)] or the Extended Date/Time Format Specification [[EDTF](http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)]. If the full date is unknown, month and year (YYYY-MM) or just year (YYYY) may be used. Date ranges may be specified using ISO 8601 period of time specification in which start and end dates are separated by a '/' (slash) character. Either the start or end date may be missing.
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
Date
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/date) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
An account of the resource.
Description
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/description) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Source
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/source) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.
alternative label
An alternative lexical label for a resource.
Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel).
definition
A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept.
example
An example of the use of a concept.
note
A general note, for any purpose.
This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types.
A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag.
The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
preferred label
The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language.
scope note
A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept.
OGC GeoSPARQL 1.0 Standard Working Group
A GML serialization of a geometry object.
GML Literal
A Well-known Text serialization of a geometry object.
Well-known Text Literal
The default geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is Usually the most detailed geometry.
defaultGeometry
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFF*FF*
contains
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*TFT**
coveredBy
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFT*FF*
covers
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****
disjoint
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT
equals
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*FFT**
inside
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
meet
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**
overlap
A spatial representation for a given feature.
hasGeometry
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFFTTTT
disconnected
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFTTTTT
externally connected
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTFFTTT
non-tangential proper part
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFFTFFT
non-tangential proper part inverse
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTTTTTTT
partially overlapping
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTTFTTT
tangential proper part
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFTTFFT
tangential proper part inverse
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*****FF*
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially crosses the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T******
crosses
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is not spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T******** ^ *T******* ^ ***T***** ^ ****T****
intersects
overlaps
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially touches the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
touches
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially within the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*F**F***
within
has broader match
skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree).
has broader
Relates a concept to a concept that is more general in meaning.
By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources.
has broader transitive
skos:broaderTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader.
By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application.
has close match
skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property.
skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch.
has exact match
skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a sub-property of skos:closeMatch.
has top concept
Relates, by convention, a concept scheme to a concept which is topmost in the broader/narrower concept hierarchies for that scheme, providing an entry point to these hierarchies.
is in scheme
Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included.
A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme.
These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice.
is in mapping relation with
Relates two concepts coming, by convention, from different schemes, and that have comparable meanings
has member
Relates a collection to one of its members.
For any resource, every item in the list given as the value of the skos:memberList property is also a value of the skos:member property.
has member list
Relates an ordered collection to the RDF list containing its members.
has narrower match
skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree).
has narrower
Relates a concept to a concept that is more specific in meaning.
has narrower transitive
skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:narrower.
By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application.
skos:related is disjoint with skos:broaderTransitive
has related
Relates a concept to a concept with which there is an associative semantic relationship.
has related match
skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
is in semantic relation with
Links a concept to a concept related by meaning.
This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts.
is top concept in scheme
Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level concept of.
Relation between an Actuation and the property of a FeatureOfInterest it is acting upon.
acts on property
In the activity (Actuation) of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degrees Celsius, the property on which the Actuator acts upon is the state of the window as it changes from being open to being closed.
A relation between an Observation and the entity whose quality was observed, or between an Actuation and the entity whose property was modified, or between an act of Sampling and the entity that was sampled.
has feature of interest
For example, in an Observation of the weight of a person, the FeatureOfInterest is the person and the property is its weight.
Relation linking an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling and a Result or Sample.
has result
Relation between a FeatureOfInterest and the Sample used to represent it.
has sample
Relation between a Platform and a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, hosted or mounted on it.
hosts
Relation between an ActuatableProperty of a FeatureOfInterest and an Actuation changing its state.
is acted on by
A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and an Observation about it, an Actuation acting on it, or an act of Sampling that sampled it.
is feature of interest of
Relation between a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, and the Platform that it is mounted on or hosted by.
is hosted by
Relation between an ObservableProperty and the Sensor able to observe it.
is observed by
Relation linking a Result to the Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling that created or caused it.
is result of
Relation from a Sample to the FeatureOfInterest that it is intended to be representative of.
is sample of
Relation between an Actuator and the Actuation it has made.
made actuation
Relation linking an Actuation to the Actuator that made that Actuation.
made by actuator
Relation linking an act of Sampling to the Sampler (sampling device or entity) that made it.
made by sampler
Relation between an Observation and the Sensor which made the Observation.
made by sensor
Relation between a Sensor and an Observation made by the Sensor.
made observation
Relation between a Sampler (sampling device or entity) and the Sampling act it performed.
made sampling
Relation linking an Observation to the property that was observed. The ObservableProperty should be a property of the FeatureOfInterest (linked by hasFeatureOfInterest) of this Observation.
observed property
Relation between a Sensor and an ObservableProperty that it is capable of sensing.
observes
Control Area indicates if it is 1x1 km or 10x10 km in VAS.
Indica las coordinadas en las que está localizado la estación.
Indicates the coordinates in which the station is located.
Coordinates location
A Snapshot has a satellite observation
Someting (usually a snapshot) has product.
has product
The satellite products have satellite sources
The property indicates the type of cover classes.
Indica la localización de las estaciones
Indicates the location of the stations.
Located in
Indica el municipio en el que está localizado un sensor.
Indicates the municipality in which a sensor is located.
Located in municipality
Indicates the province in which a sensor is located.
Located in province
Bare soil percentage Example: 35.747452
Bare soil percentage
Cloud coverage (percent) of a WRS scene. Values: 0.00 - 100.00 -1 = Cloud cover not calculated or assessed
Cloud cover
All sensors = Cloud coverage over land (percent) assigned to a WRS scene. Values: -1 = Cloud cover land not calculated or assessed.
Cloud cover land
Landsat Collection 1 is organized by a tiered inventory structure to indicate the quality and level of processing of the data. Values: T1 = Tier 1 is the highest available quality and processing level. This category is suitable for time-series analysis across the different Landsat sensors. T2 = Tier 2 scenes contain significant cloud cover and have insufficient ground control to generate precision and terrain corrected products. RT = Real-Time indicates initial processing with additional processing required to achieve Tier 1 or Tier 2.
Collection category
Year, month and day that this scene was imaged. Format: YYYY/MM/DD
Date acquired
Datum used in creating the image. Values: WGS84 = World Geodetic System 1984
Datum
Package file name, with extension ‘.SAFE’. Example: S2B_MSIL2A_20180628T105619_N0208_R094_T30SUF_20180628T151421.SAFE
Filename
Boundaries of the frame in a simplified form.The coordinates shall be declared in a counter-clockwise order. Example: POLYGON ((-5.248379903953922 37.02527578563511,-4.014302538465313 37.042247242200354,-4.001451962964202 36.05254100905861,-5.219917191699283 36.03616769808406,-5.248379903953922 37.02527578563511))
Footprint
High proba clouds percentage Example: 0.232073
High proba clouds percentage
Identifier Example: S2A_MSIL1C_20180603T110041_N0206_R094_T30SUF_20180603T130559
Identifier
Composite image quality for the bands. For Landsat 8 or 9, if scene is OLI or OLI_TIRS combined, value will reflect OLI quality score. If TIRS, the TIRS quality score will be used Values: 9 = Best 0 = Worst -1 = Image quality not calculated or assessed
Image quality OLI
Image quality TIRS
The instrument name used for acquiring the data. Example: Multi-Spectral Instrument
Instrument name
The naming convention of each L7 ETM+ Collection 1 Level-1 image is based on acquisition and processing parameters. Format: LXSS_LLLL_PPPRRR_YYYYMMDD_yyyymmdd_CC_TX L = Landsat X = Sensor (E = Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) SS = Satellite (07 = Landsat 7) LLLL = Processing Correction Level (L1TP = precision and terrain, L1GT = systematic terrain, L1GS = systematic) PPP = WRS Path RRR = WRS Row YYYYMMDD = Acquisition Date expressed in Year, Month, Day yyyymmdd = Processing Date expressed in Year, Month, Day CC = Collection Number (01) TX = Collection Category (RT = Real Time, T1 = Tier 1, T2 = Tier 2) Example: LE07_L1TP_029030_20140715_20140805_02_T1
Landsat product ID
Download link for the product from https://scihub.copernicus.eu Example: https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/odata/v1/Products('95bec4b4-a2d4-4b6f-a7cd-1de5cb3e85b7')/$value
Product download link
Link to the product from https://scihub.copernicus.eu Example: https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/odata/v1/Products('95bec4b4-a2d4-4b6f-a7cd-1de5cb3e85b7')/
Link to product
L0Ra map projection selectively applied to HDTs based on geographic location. Used for processed archive data. Values: HOM = Hotine Oblique Mercator UTM = Universal Transverse Mercator
Map projection
Orbit direccion while taking he product Can be either 'ASCENDING' or 'DESCENDING' Example: 'ASCENDING'
Orbit direction
Orientation used in creating the image. Values: NOMINAL = Nominal Path NORTH_UP = North Up TRUE_NORTH = True North USER = User
Orientation
Origin of the image Values: Example: "Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey"
Origin
The mission full name of the platform. This name is not a perfect identifier. Example:Sentinel-2
Platform name
The platform serial identifier is the sequence number of the platform among the mission Example: Sentinel-2A
Platform serial identifier
The level of the last processing Example: Level-2A
Processing level
Size of the product Example: 634.50 MB
Size
Percentage of snow ice Example: 0.00018899999999999999
Snow ice percentage
Title Example: S2A_MSIL2A_20170628T105651_N0205_R094_T30SUF_20170628T110445
Title
UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) zone number in a map projection. A negative zone indicates that the false northing needs to be applied to the northing coordinate and a positive zone indicates that the false northing has been applied. Values: Negative Zone = Indicates that the false northing needs to be applied. Positive Zone = Indicates that the false northing has been applied.
UTM zone
Percentage of vegetation Example: 10.589334000000001
Vegetation percentage
Water of percentage Example: 15.87375
Water percentage
Coding assigned by the INE Nomenclature
code INE
The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the position of this geometry in a coordinate system.
coordinateDimension
The topological dimension of this geometric object, which must be less than or equal to the coordinate dimension. In non-homogeneous collections, this will return the largest topological dimension of the contained objects.
dimension
(true) if this geometric object is the empty Geometry. If true, then this geometric object represents the empty point set for the coordinate space.
isEmpty
(true) if this geometric object has no anomalous geometric points, such as self intersection or self tangency.
isSimple
The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the spatial position of this geometry in a coordinate system.
spatialDimension
Altitude in WGS84
altitude
Latitude in WGS84
latitude
Longitude in WGS84
longitude
The result time is the instant of time when the Observation, Actuation or Sampling activity was completed.
result time
canonical units
URL for 10x10 area
URL for 1x1 area
Abbreviation
Corine Land Cover (CLC) code.
CommonProperties
Grid Mapping
Landsat 8 product properties
Longname
Mission
MODIS Aqua / Terra product properties
Post List
Scale Factor
Sentinel-2 product properties
Sentinel-3 product properties
SMAP product properties
SMOS product properties
SRS Name
Start time
Stop time
Unit
Valid Max
Valid Min
Measures the intensity (m/s) of the wind
Anemometer_AEMET
Measures pressure in hPa. AEMET Station.
Barometer_AEMET
Clock_AEMET
Reloj
Sensor belongs to AEMET Station.Measures the duration of sunshine in hours
Heliograph_AEMET
Sensor belongs to AEMET Station. Measures relative humidity in %
Hygrometer_AEMET
Pluviometer
Pluviometer_AEMET
Sensor belongs to AEMET Station. Measures precipitation in mm = l/m^2
Sensor belongs to AEMET Station. Measures temperature in degrees Celsius both on Ground or in Air.
Thermometer_AEMET
A weather station is a facility intended to regularly measure and record various meteorological variables.
AEMET_Station
Weather station
DGT Rules for TPEG Location townname: first see if the literal is in town, if not, search in municipality other: first see if the literal is in towns, if not, search in province
Reglas DGT para TPEG Localizacion: townname:primero ver si el literal está en población, si no, buscar en municipio other: primero ver si el literal está en población, si no, buscar en provincia
Town
Class that represents all Meteorological properties
Class that represents all Soil properties
Sensor that takes wind direction measurements
A Dimensionless Unit is a quantity for which all the exponents of the factors corresponding to the base quantities in its quantity dimension are zero.
Quantifiable ascribes to some thing the capability of being measured, observed, or counted.
<http://qudt.org/2.1/schema/shacl/qudt> <http://qudt.org/2.1/schema/qudt>
Quantifiable
A Quantity Value expresses the magnitude and kind of a quantity and is given by the product of a numerical value n and a unit of measure U. The number multiplying the unit is referred to as the numerical value of the quantity expressed in that unit. Refer to NIST SP 811 section 7 for more on quantity values.
Catálogo de Objetos Geográficos BTN100 where the official encoding associated is represented by the codigoINE property and its geometry is represented by the geosparql: hasGeometry property.
The European Union understands administrative units as those areas where the Member States have or exercise their jurisdictional rights for the purposes of local, regional and national administration. They are separated by administrative boundaries and are frequently organized hierarchically, reflecting the different degrees of responsibility involved ”[INSPIRE ANNEX 1. Topic 4]. They define the areas of each municipality or condominium, province, autonomous community and Spanish nation.
“La Unión Europea entiende como unidades administrativas aquellas áreas donde los Estados miembros tienen o ejercen sus derechos jurisdiccionales a efectos de administración local, regional y nacional. Están separadas mediante límites administrativos y frecuentemente están organizadas jerárquicamente, reflejando los distintos grados de responsabilidad implicados” [INSPIRE ANEXO 1.Tema 4]. Definen las áreas de cada municipio o condominio, provincia, comunidad autónoma y nación española.
AdministrativeUnit
Autonomy (Autonomous Community or Autonomous City) to which a geographical phenomenon or an administrative entity belongs
Autonomía (Comunidad Autónoma o Ciudad Autónoma) a la que pertenece un fenómeno geográfico o una entidad administrativa
Uniprovincial or multiprovincial entity with specific territorial limits within the kingdom of Spain, which is endowed with legislative autonomy and executive powers in everything that is not common with the rest of the State.
Autonomy
Autonomous City to which a geographical phenomenon or an administrative entity belongs
Autonomous City
Autonomous Community to which a geographical phenomenon or an administrative entity belongs
Autonomous Community
Jurisdictional Community
A municipality is an administrative entity that can group a single locality or several, it can refer to a city or a town.
Un municipio es una entidad administrativa que puede agrupar una sola localidad o varias, puede hacer referencia a una ciudad o un pueblo.
Municipality
A country is a territory with its own geographical and cultural characteristics, which may or may not constitute a sovereign State or a political entity within a State. It is also used as a synonym for State, a set of political institutions endowed with territory, population and sovereignty.
Un país es un territorio con características geográficas y culturales propias, que puede o no constituir un Estado soberano o una entidad política dentro de un Estado. También es utilizado como sinónimo de Estado, conjunto de instituciones políticas dotadas de territorio, población y soberanía.
Country
A province is a subnational entity of the State
In Spain, < regionName > in Tpeg Location or < administrativeArea > in Location ReferencePoint
Una provincia es una entidad subnacional del Estado
Province
This class represents the top-level feature type. This class is equivalent to GFI_Feature defined in ISO 19156:2011, and it is superclass of all feature types.
Feature
The class represents the top-level geometry type. This class is equivalent to the UML class GM_Object defined in ISO 19107, and it is superclass of all geometry types.
Geometry
The class spatial-object represents everything that can have a spatial representation. It is superclass of feature and geometry.
SpatialObject
Abstract Curve Segment
Abstract Geometric Primitive
Abstract Geometry
Abstract Gridded Surface
Abstract Parametric Curve Surface
Abstract Surface Patch
Arc
Arc by Bulge
Arc by Center Point
Arc String
Arc String by Bulge
BSpline
Bezier
Circle
CircleByCenterPoint
Clothoid
Composite
Composite Curve
Composite Solid
Composite Surface
Cone
Cubic Spline
Curve
Cylinder
Geodesic
Geodesic String
Geometric Complex
Line String
Line String Segment
Linear Ring
Multi-Curve
Multi-Geometry
Multi-Point
Multi-Solid
Multi-Surface
Offset Curve
Orientable Curve
Orientable Surface
Point
Polygon
Polygon Patch
Polyhedral Surface
Polynomial Spline
Rectangle
Ring
Shell
Solid
Sphere
Spline Curve
Surface
Triangulated Irregular Network
Triangle
Triangulated Surface
Uniquely identified by lat/long/alt. i.e. spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2) :- lat(P1, LAT), long(P1, LONG), alt(P1, ALT), lat(P2, LAT), long(P2, LONG), alt(P2, ALT). sameThing(P1, P2) :- type(P1, Point), type(P2, Point), spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2).
A point, typically described using a coordinate system relative to Earth, such as WGS84.
Spatial thing
Anything with spatial extent, i.e. size, shape, or position. e.g. people, places, bowling balls, as well as abstract areas like cubes.
Collection
A meaningful collection of concepts.
Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy.
Concept
An idea or notion; a unit of thought.
Concept Scheme
A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts.
Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies.
A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources.
Ordered Collection
An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and the ordering are meaningful.
Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'.
The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling.
Feature Of Interest
When measuring the height of a tree, the height is the observed ObservableProperty, 20m may be the Result of the Observation, and the tree is the FeatureOfInterest. A window is a FeatureOfInterest for an automatic window control Actuator.
An observable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest.
Observable Property
The height of a tree, the depth of a water body, or the temperature of a surface are examples of observable properties, while the value of a classic car is not (directly) observable but asserted.
Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with.
Observation
The activity of estimating the intensity of an Earthquake using the Mercalli intensity scale is an Observation as is measuring the moment magnitude, i.e., the energy released by said earthquake.
A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms.
Platform
A post, buoy, vehicle, ship, aircraft, satellite, cell-phone, human or animal may act as platforms for (technical or biological) sensors or actuators.
The Result of an Observation, Actuation, or act of Sampling. To store an observation's simple result value one can use the hasSimpleResult property.
Result
The value 20 as the height of a certain tree together with the unit, e.g., Meter.
Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms.
Sensor
Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smart phone (which acts as Platform). Other examples of sensors include the human eyes.
Result that normally is obtained by AGB sensors. Unit of measure Unit of measure Mg/ha (Milligram per Hectare)..
Class that represents observations related to AGB (Aboveground Biomass) . Unit of measure Mg/ha (Milligram per Hectare).
Measures the direction [0º-360º] and the intensity (m/s) of the wind
Class that represents all Atmosphere properties
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric humidity in AEMET Station. Percent Relative Humidity
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric humidity in EddyCovariance Station (Gram Per Cubic Metre )
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric humidity.Unit of measure Percent Relative Humidity.
Result that is normally obtained by Hygrometer sensors. Unit of measure Percent Relative Humidity.
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric pressure in AEMET Station. Unit of measure Hectopascal (hPa).
Result that is normally obtained by Barometer sensors. Unit of measure Hectopascal (hPa).
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric pressure in EddyCovariance Station. Unit of measure Kilopascal (kPa).
Result that is normally obtained by Barometer sensors. Unit of measure Kilopascal (kPa).
Class that represents observations related to Atmospheric pressure
Measures pressure in hPa
Measures pressure in kPa. EddyCovariance Station.
Result that normally is obtained by CHM sensors. Unit of measure Metre.
Class that represents observations related to CHM (Canopy Height Model). Unit of measure Metre.
Result that normally is obtained by CRI sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to CRI (Carotenoide). Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes carbon dioxide flow measurements
Class that represents observations related to Carbon dioxide flux (mg / (m2s))
Result that is normally obtained by CarbonDioxideFlux (carbon dioxide flux) sensors. Unit of measure Milligrams per Square Metre per Second,
Class that represents observations related to Chlorophyll content. Micromoles of chlorophyll per square metre of leaf surface.
Sensor that takes Chl measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes Chl measurements from Lamdsat-9.
Result that is normally obtained by Chl (Chlorophyll content) sensors. Micromoles of chlorophyll per square metre of leaf surface.Unit of measure Micromoles per Square Metre.
Sensor that takes Chlorophyll measurements from Sentinel-2.
Result that is normally obtained by Chl (Chlorophyll content) sensors. Micromoles of chlorophyll per square metre of leaf surface. Dimensionless.
Class that represents Chlorophyll content stations
Chl_Station
Sensor that takes Chlorophyll measurements. From Chl Station.
Class that represents observations related to cloud mask. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes CloudMask measurements from METEOSAT.
Result that normally is obtained by CloudMask_METEOSAT sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes CloudType measurements from METEOSAT.
Result that normally is obtained by by CloudType_METEOSAT sensors. Dimensionless.
A Control Area is a spatially delimited region designated to enable consistent environmental observations, calibration activities, and cross-platform validation. It provides a reference zone where measurements can be collected under controlled or well-characterized conditions.
Control Area
Examples include small reference plots such as 1×1 m areas, or larger experimental regions such as 10×10 m areas, commonly used in field stations to support calibration and validation workflows
Result that normally is obtained by DBH sensors. Unit of measure Centimetre.
Class that represents observations related to DBH (Diameter at Breast Height). Unit of measure Centimetre
Class that represents Digital Hemispheric Picture (DHP) stations
DHP_Station
Result that normally is obtained by DSM sensors. Unit of measure Metre.
Class that represents observations related to DSM (Digital Surface Model).Unit of measure Metre.
Result that normally is obtained by DTM sensors.Unit of measure Metre.
Class that represents observations related to DTM (Digital Terrain Model).Unit of measure Metre.
Class that represents observations related to Diffuse radiation (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by I_dif sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents observations related to Direct solar radiation (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by I_dir sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Result that normally is obtained by DiseaseStatus sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to DiseaseStatus. Dimensionless.
Result that is normally obtained by Heliograph sensors in AEMET Station. Unit of measure Hour.
Class that represents observations related to Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI).
Sensor that takes EVI measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes EVI measurements from Landsat-9.
Daily temporality, resolution 500 m, product MYD09GA_006_EVI
Sensor that takes Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) measurements from MODIS-Aqua.
Daily temporality, 500 m resolution, product MYD09GA_006_EVI
Sensor that takes Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) measurements from MODIS-Terra.
Result that is normally obtained by Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes EVI measurements from Sentinel-2.
Class that represents observations related to Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Dimensionless.
Eddy covariance systems measure the exchange of CO2, H2O, CH4 , and energy between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere, empowering researchers to advance scientific understanding of climate and ecosystem dynamics
EddyCovariance_Station
Class that represents observations related to fraction of absorved photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR). Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes FAPAR measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes FAPAR measurements from Landsat-9.
Sensor that takes FAPAR measurements from MODIS-Aqua.
Temporality 8 days, resolution 500 m, product MYD15A2H
Sensor that takes FAPAR measurements from MODIS-Terra.
Result that normally is obtained by fraction of absorved photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes FAPAR measurements from Sentinel-2.
Class that represents fraction of absorved photosynthetically active radiation stations
FAPAR_Station
Sensor that takes fraction of surface downwelling photosynthetic radiative measurements. From Digital Hemispheric Picture (DHP) Station.
Sensor that takes fraction of surface downwelling photosynthetic radiative measurements
Result that normally is obtained by FCOVER sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes vegetation area fraction measurements. From Digital Hemispheric Picture (DHP) Station
Class that represents observations related to FCOVER. Dimensionless.
Result that normally is obtained by Green Instantaneous Fraction of Absorved photosynthetically active Radiation (GIFAPAR) sensors. In this ontology by the Remote Sensing from Sentinel-3 OLCI ( RS_Sentinel-3_OLCI). Dimesionless.
Class that represents observations related to Green Instantaneous Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (GI-FAPAR) (300 m de resolution)). Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes GIFAPAR measurements from Sentinel-3.
Ground Base Sensors
A Ground Station is defined as a physical platform located on the Earth’s surface that hosts one or more sensors used to perform in-situ environmental observations.
Observation collected in situ.
Sensor that takes sensible heat flux measurements
Measures relative humidity in %
Hygrometer
Sensor belongs to EddyCovariance Station. Measures relative humidity in %
Sensor that takes "diffuse irradiance at the surface" measurements in RAD Station
Sensor that takes "direct irradiance at the surface" measurements in RAD Station
Image Result let us assign URIs to the image properties. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to Heliograph (Duration of the sunshine in Hours).
Class that represents observations related to Leaf Area Index (LAI). Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes LAI measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes LAI measurements from Landsat-9.
Result that is normally obtained by Leaf Area Index (LAI) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes LAI measurements from Sentinel-2.
Class that represents Leaf Aea Index (LAI) stations
LAI_Station
Leaf Area Index Sensor from Digital Hemispheric Picture (DHP) Station
Leaf Area Index Sensor from Leaf Area Index (LAI) Station
Sensor that takes evapotranspiration measurements
Class that represents observations related to Land Surface Emissivity. Dimensionless.
Result that is normally obtained by Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) stations
LSE_Station
Sensor that takes Land Surface Emissivity measurements
Class that represents observations related to Land Surface Temperature (LST). Celsius Degree.
8 days temporality, 1 km resolution. Product MYD11A2.
Sensor that takes Land Surface Temperature measurements from MODIS-Aqua.
Sensor that takes Land Surface Temperature measurements from MODIS-Terra.
Sensor that takes LST measurements from Landset-8.
Sensor that takes LST measurements from Landset-9.
Result that is normally obtained by Land Surface Temperature (LST) sensors. Unit of measure Degree Celsius .
Sensor that takes LST measurements from Sentinel-3.
Class that represents Land Surface Temperature (LST) stations
LST_Station
Class that represents observations related to Land Surface Temperature (LST). Unit of measure Degree Celsius.
Daily temporality,1 km resolution. Product MYD11A1
Sensor that takes Land Surface Temperature measurements
Sensor that takes "surface downwelling longwave flux in air" measurements in RAD Station
Sensor that takes "upwelling longwave flux in air" measurements in RAD Station
Result that is normally obtained by LandCover_S2 sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to Land Cover LCCS.
Sensor that takes LandCover measurements from Sentinel-2. Dimensionless.
Class that represents all Land Atmosphere Interation properties
Land Cover Classes, Level 3
Land Cover Classes
Class that represents all Land Cover properties
Land cover is the physical material on the earth's surface. Ground covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Land cover is the expression used by the ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent to vegetation.
Class that represents all Land Surface properties (Temperature, Emissivity, Aspect , Slope, Elevation ...)
Landsat-8
Class that represents Landsat-8 products
Landsat-8_Product
Landsat-9
Class that represents Landsat-9 Products
Class that represents observations related to Latent Heat Flux (W/m2).
Result that is normally obtained by LE_g (evapotranspiration ground) sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
METEOSAT
Class that represents METEOSAT Products
METEOSAT_Product
MODIS-Aqua
Class that represents MODIS-Aqua Products
MODIS-Aqua_Product
MODIS-Terra
Class that represents MODIS-Terra Products
MODIS-Terra_Product
Class that represents Nitrogen concentration stations
N2_Station
Sensor that takes nitrogen dioxide measurements. From N2 Station.
Class that represents observations related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).
16 days temporality, 1km resolution, product MYD13A2
Sensor that takes NDVI measurements from MODIS-Aqua.
16 days temporality, 1 km resolution. Producto MYD13A2
Sensor that takes NDVI measurements from MODIS-Terra.
16 days temporality, 250 m resolution, product MYD13Q1
16 days temporality, 250 m resolution. Producto MYD13Q1
16 days temporality, 500 m resolution, product MYD13A1
16 days temporality, 500 m resolution. Product MYD13A1
Sensor that takes NDVI measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes NDVI measurements from Landsat-9.
Result that is normally obtained by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes NDVI measurements from Sentinel-2.
Class that represents observations related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Dimensionless.
Diary temporality, 500 m resolution, product MYD09GA_006_NDVI
Daily temporality, 500 m resolution. Product MYD09GA_006_NDVI
Result that normally is obtained by NDWI sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to NDWI – Normalized Difference Water Index. Dimensionless.
Result that normally is obtained by NRI sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to NRI (Nitrogen Reflectance Index).Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to Nitrogen dioxide concentration (mg/g).
Result that is normally obtained by N2 (nitrogene dioxide) sensors. Unit of measure Milligram per Gram.
Class that represents observations related to Orthophoto. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to OLCI Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (OTCI) (300 m de resolución)). µmol of chlorophyll per m²µ.
Sensor that takes OTCI measurements from Sentinel-3.
Class that represents observations related to precipitable_water_content . Unit of measure Millimetre (mm)..
Sensor that takes PWC measurements from METEOSAT.
Result that is normally obtained by PWC_METEOSAT sensors. Precipitable Water Content Result. Unit of measure Millimetre (mm).
Class that represents observations related to precipitation (mm).
Result that is normally obtained by Pluviometer_AEMET sensors in AEMET Staion. Unit of measure Millimetre (mm).
Class that represents solar radiation stations
RAD_Station
Sensor that takes "surface net radiation" measurements in RAD Station
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Landsat-8. Observes Chl, EVI, FAPAR, LAI, LST, NDVI, ,SAVI, SR, TDVI ...
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Lansat-9.Observes Chl, EVI, FAPAR, LAI, LST, NDVI, ,SAVI, SR, TDVI ...
Represents the general sensorization of satellite METEOSAT. Observes CloudMask, CloudType and PWC.
Represents the general sensorization of satellite MODIS-Aqua. Observes EVI , FAPAR, LST, NDVI, ...
Represents the general sensorization of satellite MODIS-Terra. Observes EVI , FAPAR, LST, NDVI, ...
Represents the general sensorization of SMAP. Observes Soil Moisture.
Represents the general sensorization of satellite SMOS. Observes AGB, DroughtIndex, Soil Moisture.
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Sentinel 1 or S1. Observes Soil Moisture.
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Sentinel 2 or S2. Observes Chl, EVI, FAPAR, LAI, LandCover, NDVI, SAVI, SR ...
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Sentinel 3 ( S3) OLCI. Observes FAPAR , Chl.
Represents the general sensorization of satellite Sentinel 3 ( S3) SLSTR. Observes LST.
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_Hyperspectral. Observes NRI, CRI, NDWI, AGB. DiseaseStatus.
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_LiDAR. Observes CHM, DTM, DSM. DBH, AGB.
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_Microwave. Observes SM.
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_Multispectral. Observes EVI, FAPAR, LAI, NDVI, ,SAVI y SR.
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_RGB. Observes ORTHOPHOTO
Represents the general sensorization of RS_UAV_Thermal. Observes LST.
Class that represents all Radiation properties
Satellite Sensors (remote sensing).
Drone Sensors (remote sensing).
Class that represents observations related to Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI).
Sensor that takes SAVI measurements from Landsat-8.
Sensor that takes SAVI measurements from Landsat-9.
Result that is normally obtained by Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes SAVI measurements from Sentinel-2.
Class that represents observations related to Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). Dimensionless.
SMAP
Class that represents SMAP satellite Products
SMAP_Product
SMOS
Class that represents SMOS satellite Products
SMOS_Product
Class that represents observations related to Soil Moisture (SM). Unit of measure Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre.
Result that is normally obtained by SM (Soil Moisture) sensors. Unit of measure Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre.
Class that represents observations related to Soil Moisture (SM). Dimensionless [0-1]
Sensor that takes SM measurements from S1.
Soil Moisture Sensor. Resolution of 36 km for Europe from SMAP.
Soil Moisture Sensor. Resolution of 3 km for Europe from SMAP.
Soil Moisture Sensor. Resolution of 9 km for Europe from SMAP.
Daily temporality, resolution 25 km
Soil Moisture Sensor. Resolution of 25 km for Europe from SMOS.
Class that represents Soil Moisture stations
SM_Station
Sensor that takes Soil Moisture measurements
Class that represents observations related to Simple Ratio (SR). Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes SR measurements from L8.
Sensor that takes SR measurements from L9.
Result that is normally obtained by Simple Ratio (SR) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes SR measurements from S2.
Sensor that takes "surface downwelling shortwave flux in air" measurements in RAD Station
Sensor that takes "upwelling shortwave flux in air" measurements in RAD Station
Satellite
Observation collected by satellite.
A Satellite Product is a processed dataset generated from raw satellite measurements, typically including radiometric, geometric, and atmospheric corrections. These products provide georeferenced environmental variables (e.g., reflectance, vegetation indices, land surface temperature, soil moisture) at defined spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions, and serve as inputs for environmental monitoring, modelling, and validation workflows.
Satellite Product
Examples include NDVI, FAPAR, LST, or surface reflectance products obtained from Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, Landsat, or other EO missions.
Class that represents observations related to Sensible heat flux (W/m2).
Result that is normally obtained by Hs (sensible heat flux) sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Sentinel-1
Class that represents Sentinel-1 satellite Products
Sentinel-1_Product
Sentinel-2
Class that represents Sentinel-2 satellite Products
Sentinel-2_Product
Sentinel-3_OLCI
Class that represents Sentinel-3 OLCI satellite Products
Sentinel-3_OLCI_Product
Class that represents Sentinel-3 satellite Products
Sentinel-3_Product
Sentinel-3_SLSTR
Class that represents Sentinel-3 SLSTR satellite Products
Sentinel-3_SLSTR_Product
Snapshot
Result that is normally obtained by Land Cover sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to Surface albedo (dimensionless)
Result that is normally obtained by SurfaceAlbedo sensors. Dimensionless.
Class that represents observations related to Surface Downwelling Longwave Flux In Air (W/m2).
Result that is normally obtained by LW_down sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents observations related to Surface Downwelling Shortwave Flux In Air (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by SW_down sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents observations related to Surface net radiation (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by RN sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents observations related to temperature in AEMET Station. Celsius Degree.
Class that represents observations related to temperature in EddyCovariance Station. Celsius Degree.
Class that represents observations related to temperature. Celsius Degree.
Result that is normally obtained by Termometer sensors. Unit of measure Degree Celsius.
Observation of Air Temperature. Air Temperature is a measure of the hotness or coldness of the air. It is also termed surface temperature in meteorology. Air temperature is the temperature indicated by a thermometer exposed to the air but sheltered from direct sun exposure.
Observation of the temperature at any given depth (or in a layer) below the surface of the ground, excluding surficial snow and ice (but not permafrost or soil). For temperatures in surface lying snow and ice, the more specific standard names temperature_in_surface_snow and land_ice_temperature should be used. For temperatures measured or modelled specifically for the soil layer (the near-surface layer where plants sink their roots) the standard name soil_temperature should be used.
Observation of the Subsoil temperature at a depth of 5 cm and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
Observation of the Subsoil temperature at a depth of 20 cm and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
Observation of the Ground temperature, instantaneous temperature next to the ground and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
Measures temperature in degrees Celsius
Sensor belongs to EddyCovariance Station. Measures temperature in degrees Celsius
Unmanned aerial vehicle
UAV_Hyperspectral
UAV_Microwave
UAV_Multispectral
Observation collected by dron engine.
UAV_RGB
UAV_Thermal
Class that represents observations related to Upwelling Longwave Flux In Air (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by LW_up sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents observations related to Upwelling Shortwave Flux In Air (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by SW_up sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Class that represents all Vegetation properties
Result that is normally obtained by Vegetation ( EVI. SAVI, TDVI ...) sensors. Dimensionless.
Sensor that takes water flow measurements
Class that represents observations related to water vapour flux (W/m2)
Result that is normally obtained by WatervapourFlux (water vapour flux) sensors. Unit of measure Watt per Square Metre (W/m2).
Sensor belongs to AEMET Station. Sensor that takes wind direction [0º-360º] measurements
Sensor belongs to EddyCovariance Station. Sensor that takes wind direction [0º-360º] measurements.
WindVane_EddyCovariance
Class that represents observations related to wind direction. Angle Degree.
Result that is normally obtained by WindVane sensors. Unit of measure Angle Degree.
Class that represents observations related to wind speed in AEMET Station. (m/s)
Class that represents observations related to wind speed in EddyCovariance Station. (m/s)
Class that represents observations related to wind speed. (m/s)
Result that is normally obtained by Anemometer sensors. Unit of measure Metre per Second (m/s).
Sensor that takes "soil albedo" measurements in RAD Station
Carotenoid Reflectance Index 1 (CRI1) Carotenoids function in light absorption processes in plants, as well as in protecting plants from the harmful effects of too much light. Weakening vegetation contains higher concentrations of carotenoids, so this index is one measure of stressed vegetation. Higher CRI1 values mean greater carotenoid concentration relative to chlorophyll. The value of this index ranges from 0 to more than 15. The common range for green vegetation is 1 to 12. This index uses reflectance measurements in the visible spectrum to take advantage of the absorption signatures of stress-related pigments. See Narrowband Definitions for the allowable range of wavelengths.
CRI
Information All biomass of living vegetation, both woody and herbaceous, above the soil including stems, stumps, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
Aboveground Biomass (AGB) is defined as the total amount of plant-derived living and dead organic matter per unit of surface area, which is an important component of terrestrial carbon cycle.
Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). Diameter is generally measured 1.3 m. (4.5 feet) above the ground, which is roughly at breast height. DBH is measured on standing trees outside of the bark.
DBH
Surface roughness refers to the measure of small, finely spaced deviations in the shape or texture of a surface
Surface_roughness
The element of air, along with fire, earth, and water, is one of the four traditional elements in cosmogonies in both Western and Eastern traditions. It is present in all religions and their rituals, in esoteric philosophy, in alchemy, and in astrology. It is considered 'active and masculine,' just like the element of fire, in contrast to earth and water, which are considered 'passive and feminine.
Air
The Earth's atmosphere is the gaseous part of the Earth, making it the outermost and least dense layer of the planet. It consists of various gases that vary in quantity depending on altitude. This mixture of gases that forms the atmosphere is commonly referred to as air. Approximately 75% of the atmospheric mass is located within the first 11 kilometers from the sea surface. The primary gases that make up the atmosphere are oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%), followed by argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Chlorophylls (from the Greek words χλωρος, chloros, meaning 'green,' and φύλλον, fýlon, meaning 'leaf') are a family of green-colored pigments found in cyanobacteria and in all organisms that possess chloroplasts or thylakoid membranes in their cells, which includes plants and various types of algae. Chlorophyll is a highly essential biomolecule, critical in the process of photosynthesis, which enables plants and algae to store energy from sunlight.
Chl
Diffuse irradiation is the one that reaches the earth's surface from the sky except for the sun due to the scattering and reflection by the compositions of the atmosphere.
diffuse_irradiance
Direct radiation is the solar radiation which travels on a straight line from the sun down to the earth׳s surface
direct_irradiance_at_the_surface
Drought is a transient climatological anomaly in which the availability of water falls below the usual levels in a geographical area. There is not enough water to meet the needs of plants, animals, and humans residing in that area. The primary cause of all droughts is a lack of rain or precipitation, known as meteorological drought. If it persists, it can lead to a condition characterized by an imbalance between the natural water supply and the natural water demand. In extreme cases, it can lead to aridity.
Drought
The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) is an 'optimized' vegetation index designed to enhance the vegetation signal with improved sensitivity in high biomass regions and improved vegetation monitoring through a de-coupling of the canopy background signal and a reduction in atmosphere influences. EVI is computed following this equation: where: * NIR/red/blue are atmospherically-corrected and partially atmosphere corrected (Rayleigh and ozone absorption) surface reflectances * L is the canopy background adjustment that addresses non-linear, differential NIR and red radiant transfer through a canopy, and * C1, C2 are the coefficients of the aerosol resistance term, which uses the blue band to correct for aerosol influences in the red band. The coefficients adopted in the MODIS-EVI algorithm are: L=1, C1 = 6, C2 = 7.5, and G (gain factor) = 2.5. Whereas the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is chlorophyll sensitive, the EVI is more responsive to canopy structural variations, including leaf area index (LAI), canopy type, plant physiognomy, and canopy architecture. The two vegetation indices complement each other in global vegetation studies and improve upon the detection of vegetation changes and extraction of canopy biophysical parameters.. Another difference between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and EVI is that in the presence of snow, NDVI decreases, while EVI increases (Huete, 2002). Starting 2000, and after the launch of the two MODIS sensors on Terra (satellite) and Aqua (satellite) by NASA, EVI was adopted as a standard product by NASA and became extremely popular with users due to its ability to eliminate background and atmosphere noises, as well as its non saturation, a typical NDVI problem. EVI is currently distributed for free by the USGS LP DAAC. (en)
EVI
The humidity of the air is due to the water vapor present in the atmosphere. This vapor comes from the evaporation of terrestrial water bodies. The amount of water vapor that air can hold depends on its temperature. Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. One way to measure atmospheric humidity is through a hygrometer
Earth's relief refers to the term that defines the shapes and features of the Earth's crust or lithosphere on the surface, both concerning landforms on emerged lands and the oceanic relief, which pertains to the seafloor. It is the subject of study in geomorphology and physical geography, especially when referring to continental and island lands. Pierre George provides a simple definition of Earth's relief: The Earth's relief is the raised part of the globe's surface, such as hills or mountains.
geometrically corrected aerial photograph
Spectral indicator of plant disease or pathogen-induced stress.
The phenomenon of radiation is the propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles through a vacuum or a material medium. There are different forms of radiation with distinct properties and effects.
The term 'soil' refers to the surface layer of the Earth's crust that is biologically active and originates from the physical or chemical disintegration or alteration of rocks, as well as from the residues of living organisms that settle upon it. Many processes can contribute to the formation of a specific type of soil, including aeolian deposition, sedimentation in watercourses, weathering, and the deposition of organic material
Empirically derived NDVI products have been shown to be unstable, varying with soil colour, soil moisture, and saturation effects from high density vegetation. In an attempt to improve NDVI, Huete developed a vegetation index that accounted for the differential red and near-infrared extinction through the vegetation canopy. The index is a transformation technique that minimizes soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The index is given as: where L is a canopy background adjustment factor. An L value of 0.5 in reflectance space was found to minimize soil brightness variations and eliminate the need for additional calibration for different soils.The transformation was found to nearly eliminate soil-induced variations in vegetation indices. (en)
SAVI
Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes (e.g., capacitance probes, neutron probes) or remote sensing methods. Water that enters a field is removed from a field by runoff, drainage, evaporation or transpiration.
Vegetation refers to the coverage of wild or cultivated plants (flora) that grow spontaneously in a geographic area, whether on the land surface or in an aquatic environment. It is also referred to as vegetation cover. Its distribution on Earth depends on climatic factors and soils. Vegetation is so important that climate types are even categorized based on the type of vegetation that grows in the areas where they dominate. This is why we talk about a jungle climate, a savanna climate, a taiga climate, among other rainy climates, etc.
System International of measures.
A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of $10^{-2}$. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units.
A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10-2 . The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units.
Centimeter
Centimetr
Centimetre
Centimetro
Centimetru
Centimètre
Centiméter
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by \(^\circ\) (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to \(2\pi /360 rad\), \(0.017453 rad\). It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit.
Degree
\(\textit{Celsius}\), also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely \(273.15\,^{\circ}{\rm C}\).
See NIST section SP811 section 4.2.1.1
See NIST section SP811 section 6.2.8
Degree Celsius
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3
Gram Per Cubic Meter
Gram Per Cubic Metre
The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h.
Hour
Hectopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 Pa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 1013 hPa = 1 atm. There are 100 pascals in 1 hectopascal.
Hectopascal is commonly used in meteorology to report values for atmospheric pressure. It is equivalent to millibar.
Hectopascal
Kilopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 kPa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 101.3 kPa = 1 atm. There are 1,000 pascals in 1 kilopascal.
Kilopascal
The metric and SI base unit of distance. The 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1983 defined the meter as that distance that makes the speed of light in a vacuum equal to exactly 299 792 458 meters per second. The speed of light in a vacuum, \(c\), is one of the fundamental constants of nature. The meter is equal to approximately 1.093 613 3 yards, 3.280 840 feet, or 39.370 079 inches.
The metric and SI base unit of distance. The meter is equal to approximately 1.093 613 3 yards, 3.280 840 feet, or 39.370 079 inches.
Meter
Metre
Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s.
Meter per Second
Metre per Second
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3
Cubic Meter Per Cubic Meter
Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
A unit of mass per area, equivalent to 0.01 grammes per square metre
Microgram per square centimetre
One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area.
Micromoles per square metre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram
Milligram Per Gram
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 10,0000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2
Milligram Per Hectare
Milligrams per square metre per second
The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or millimeter (American spelling) (SI unit symbol mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. It is equal to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly 5/127 (approximately 0.039370) of an inch.
Millimeter
Millimetre
mil
Number is a unit for 'Dimensionless' expressed as (\#\).
Number
Percent relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage.
Percent Relative Humidity
Watt per Square Meter} is a unit of irradiance defined as the power received per area. This is a unit in the category of Energy flux. It is also known as watts per square meter, watt per square metre, watts per square metre, watt/square meter, watt/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter (\(W/m^2\)) has a dimension of \(MT^{-3\) where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.
Watt per Square Meter
Watt per Square Metre
Climate and Forecast (CF) Standard Names. http://mmisw.org/ont/cf/parameter
Air pressure is the force per unit area which would be exerted when the moving gas molecules of which the air is composed strike a theoretical surface of any orientation.
Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature.
The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. 'Duration' is the length of time for which a condition holds.
Climate and Forecast (CF) Standard Names (v.78). http://mmisw.org/ont/cf/parameter
FAPAR
Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean net downward. The sign convention is that upwelling is positive upwards and downwelling is positive downwards. The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The quantity with standard name fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation, often called Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), is the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a vegetation canopy. Photosynthetic radiation is the part of the spectrum which is used in photosynthesis e.g. 400-700 nm. The range of wavelengths could be specified precisely by the bounds of a coordinate of radiation_wavelength. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called irradiance. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called vector irradiance. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. Vegetation means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. The term plants refers to the kingdom of plants in the modern classification which excludes fungi. Plants are autotrophs i.e. producers of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.
Landcover
A variable with the standard name of land_cover_lccs contains strings which indicate the nature of the surface, e.g. cropland_..., tree_... . Each string should represent a land cover class constructed using the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS; Di Gregorio A., 2005, UN Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) - Classification concepts and user manual for Software version 2; available at www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X0596E/X0596e00.htm). String values should represent the classifiers used to define each class.
X_area means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.
Nitrogen dioxide or nitrogen(IV) oxide (NO2) is a chemical compound composed of the elements nitrogen and oxygen, one of the major pollutants among the various nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen dioxide has a brownish-yellow color. It forms as a byproduct in high-temperature combustion processes, such as those in motor vehicles and power plants. Therefore, it is a common pollutant in urban areas.
NDVI quantifies the liveliness of green vegetation in an area.
NDVI
Normalized_difference_vegetation_index, usually abbreviated to NDVI, is an index calculated from reflectances measured in the visible and near infrared channels. It is calculated as NDVI = (NIR - R) / (NIR + R) where NIR is the reflectance in the near-infrared band and R is the reflectance in the red visible band. Reflectance is the ratio of the reflected over the incoming radiation in each spectral band. The calculated value of NDVI depends on the precise definitions of the spectral bands and these definitions may vary between different models and remote sensing instruments.
Soil albedo is the albedo of the soil surface assuming no snow. Albedo is the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave irradiance, where 'shortwave irradiance' means that both the incoming and outgoing radiation are integrated across the solar spectrum.
The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean net downward. The sign convention is that upwelling is positive upwards and downwelling is positive downwards. The term longwave means longwave radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called irradiance. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called vector irradiance. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics.
The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean net downward. The sign convention is that upwelling is positive upwards and downwelling is positive downwards. The term shortwave means shortwave radiation. Surface downwelling shortwave is the sum of direct and diffuse solar radiation incident on the surface, and is sometimes called global radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called irradiance. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called vector irradiance. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics.
Emissivity is the ratio of the power emitted by an object to the power that would be emitted by a perfect black body having the same temperature as the object. The emissivity is assumed to be an integral over all wavelengths, unless a coordinate of radiation_wavelength or radiation_frequency is included to specify either the wavelength or frequency. The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. longwave means longwave radiation.
LST
The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box. Previously, the qualifier where_type was used to specify that the quantity applies only to the part of the grid box of the named type. Names containing the where_type qualifier are deprecated and newly created data should use the cell_methods attribute to indicate the horizontal area to which the quantity applies.
The surface called surface means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Water means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called sublimation). The quantity with standard name surface_water_evaporation_flux does not include transpiration from vegetation. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box. Previously, the qualifier where_type was used to specify that the quantity applies only to the part of the grid box of the named type. Names containing the where_type qualifier are deprecated and newly created data should use the cell_methods attribute to indicate the horizontal area to which the quantity applies.
"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The latent heat flux is the exchange of heat across a surface on account of evaporation and condensation (including sublimation and deposition). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.
The term longwave means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean net upward. The sign convention is that upwelling is positive upwards and downwelling is positive downwards. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called irradiance. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called vector irradiance. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics.
The term shortwave means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean net upward. The sign convention is that upwelling is positive upwards and downwelling is positive downwards. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called irradiance. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called vector irradiance. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics.
Area fraction is the fraction of a grid cell's horizontal area that has some characteristic of interest. It is evaluated as the area of interest divided by the grid cell area. It may be expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or any other dimensionless representation of a fraction. Vegetation means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. The term plants refers to the kingdom of plants in the modern classification which excludes fungi. Plants are autotrophs i.e. producers of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.
Water means water in all phases. Evapotranspiration means all water vapor fluxes into the atmosphere from the surface: liquid evaporation, sublimation and transpiration. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. Transpiration is the process by which water is carried from the roots of plants and evaporates from the stomata. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called sublimation.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box.
Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) from_direction is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming.
Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.
The deposit of atmospheric moisture as rain, hail, sleet, snow, frost or dew. Precipition amount is often measured as depth of liquid equivalent moisture at a point but also can be expressed as liquid volume or mass per unit area.
mm | ml | kg m-2
Amount of moisture in the air as vapor relative to how much it can possibly hold at the same temperature.
Sensible heat flux refers to the transfer of heat energy between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere due to a difference in temperature. A positive sensible heat flux means heat is flowing from the atmosphere to the surface. A negative sensible heat flux means heat is flowing from the surface to the atmosphere.
sensible_heat_flux
Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux refers to the movement or exchange of carbon dioxide between different parts of the Earth's environment, such as the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
The meteorological station named "La Cubera" is close to the municipality of 'Utiel', at an altitude of 758 meters above sea level, and near Vereda Real, Casa de la Cubera, Camino de la Solana, Camino de Cuenca, La Solana, Caz del Soto Magro, Rambla del Colmenar, Casas de Santa Bárbara, Cañada del Campo, La Vega….
AGB_SMOS_CATDS Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
Sensor AGB UAV Hyperspectral hosted by UAV Hyperspectral 1.
Sensor AGB UAV LiDAR hosted by UAV LiDAR 1.
Sensor Anemometer_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Sensor Anemometer_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
Class Level 1 CORINE Land Cover - CLC
Artificial Surfaces
A soil surface devoid of any plant material.
Bare Soils
Sensor Barometer_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Sensor Barometer_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
Sensor CHM UAV LiDAR hosted by UAV LiDAR 1.
Sensor CRI UAV Hyperspectral hosted by UAV Hyperspectral 1.
Canopy Height Model (CHM) The CHM is a derived LiDAR product that represents vegetation height above ground, computed as the difference between the DSM and the DTM: CHM = DSM − DTM It is delivered as a raster map in meters (m).
CHM
Sensor CarbonDioxideFlux_g_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
Chl_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
Chl_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
Chl_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Chl Station number 1
Sensor Chl_g hosted by Chl_Station_1
Sensor Clock_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
CloudMask_METEOSAT Sensor hosted by METEOSAT Product_1
CloudType_METEOSAT Sensor hosted by METEOSAT Product_1
Class Level 3 CORINE Land Cover - CLC
Coniferous Forest
Sensor DBH UAV LiDAR hosted by UAV LiDAR 1.
DHP Station number 1
DHP Station number 2
DHP Station number 3
Sensor DSM UAV LiDAR hosted by UAV LiDAR 1.
Sensor DTM UAV LiDAR hosted by UAV LiDAR 1.
Digital Surface Model (DSM). A DSM is a LiDAR-derived raster representing the elevation of the uppermost surfaces in the scene, including vegetation, buildings, and all above-ground objects. Pixel values correspond to absolute height in meters (m).
DSM
Digital Terrain Model (DTM). A DTM is a LiDAR-derived raster representing the elevation of the bare ground surface, with vegetation and artificial structures removed. Each pixel stores the ground height expressed in meters (m).
DTM
Sensor Diseasestatus UAV Hyperspectral hosted by UAV Hyperspectral 1.
DroughtIndex_SMOS_CATDS Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
EVI_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
EVI_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
EVI_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Sensor EVI UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
EVI_diary_500m_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
EVI_diary_500m_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
EddyCovariance Station number 1
FAPAR_8days_500m_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
FAPAR_8days_500m_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
FAPAR_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
FAPAR_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
FAPAR_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
FAPAR Station number 1
FAPAR_Station_1
FAPAR Station number 2
FAPAR_Station_2
FAPAR Station number 3
FAPAR_Station_3
FAPAR Station number 4
FAPAR_Station_4
Sensor FAPAR UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
Sensor FAPAR_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_1
Sensor FAPAR_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_2
Sensor FAPAR_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_3
Sensor FAPAR_g hosted by FAPAR_Station_1
Sensor FAPAR_g hosted by FAPAR_Station_2
Sensor FAPAR_g hosted by FAPAR_Station_3
Sensor FAPAR_g hosted by FAPAR_Station_4
Sensor FCOVER_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_1
Sensor FCOVER_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_2
Sensor FCOVER_dhp hosted by DHP_Station_3
GIFAPAR_S3 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-3_OLCI Product_1
Geometry for AEMET_UTIEL Station
Geometry for Area 10x10
Geometry for Area 1x1
Geometry for ChlStation1
Geometry for DHPStation1.
Geometry for DHPStation2.
Geometry for DHPStation3.
Geometry for EddyCovariance_Station1.
Geometry of FPARStation1
Geometry of FAPAR Station 2
Geometry of FAPAR Station 4
Geometry of LAIStation1
Geometry of LAIStation2
Geometry of LSEStation1
Geometry of LSEStation2
Geometry of LSEStation3
Geometry of LSEStation4
Geometry of LSEStation5
Geometry of LSEStation6
Geometry of LSTStation1
Geometry of N2Station1
Geometry of RADStation1
Geometry of SMStation1
Geometry of SMStation2
Geometry of SMStation3
Geometry of SMStation4
Geometry of SMStation5
Geometry of SMStation6
Sensor Heliograph_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Hs_g_EddyCovariance Sensor hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
Sensor Hygrometer_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Hygrometer_EddyCovariance Sensor hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
I_dif_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
I_dir_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
LAI_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
LAI_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
LAI_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
LAI Station number 1
LAI Station number 2
Sensor LAI UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
Sensor LAI_dhp hosted by LAI_Station_1
Sensor LAI_dhp hosted by LAI_Station_2
Sensor LAI_dhp hosted by LAI_Station_3
Sensor LAI_g hosted by LAI_Station_1
Sensor LAI_g hosted by LAI_Station_2
Sensor LE_g_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
LSE Station number 1
LSE Station number 2
LSE Station number 3
LSE Station number 4
LSE Station number 5
LSE Station number 6
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_1
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_2
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_3
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_4
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_5
Sensor LSE_g hosted by LSE_Station_6
LST_8days_1km_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
LST_8days_1km_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
LST_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
LST_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
LST_S3 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-3_SLSTR Product_1
LST Station number 1
Sensor LST UAV Thermal hosted by UAV Thermal 1.
LST_diary_1km_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
LST_diary_1km_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
LST_g Sensor hosted by LST_Station_1
LW_down_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
LW_up_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
LandCover_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Landsat-8 Product number 1
Landsat 8 satellite.
Landsat-9 Product number 1
Landsat 9 satellite.
METEOSAT Station number 1
Meteosat satellite.
Modis-Aqua Product number 1
Modis Aqua satellite.
MODIS-TerraProduct number 1
Modis Terra satellite.
N2 Station number 1
N2_g Sensor hosted by N2_Station_1
NDVI_16days_1km_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
NDVI_16days_1km_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
NDVI_16days_250m_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
NDVI_16days_250m_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
NDVI_16days_500m_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_1
NDVI_16days_500m_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
NDVI_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
NDVI_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
NDVI_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Sensor NDVI UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
NDVI_diary_500m_a Sensor hosted by MODIS-Aqua Product_11
NDVI_diary_500m_t Sensor hosted by MODIS-TerraProduct_1
Sensor NDWI UAV Hyperspectral hosted by UAV Hyperspectral 1.
Sensor NRI UAV Hyperspectral hosted by UAV Hyperspectral 1.
The Nitrogen Reflectance Index (NRI) is a spectral index designed to estimate the nitrogen status of vegetation using reflectance measurements in the visible region. It exploits the sensitivity of chlorophyll‐related absorption features to nitrogen concentration.
NRI
Non-irrigated arable land
NDWI – Normalized Difference Water Index Estimates leaf water content and moisture conditions using narrowband reflectance in the NIR and SWIR (or Green–NIR). It is sensitive to vegetation water status and widely used in stress detection.
NDWI
OTCI_S3 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-3_OLCI Product_1
Sensor Orthophoto UAV RGB hosted by UAV RGB 1.
PWC_METEOSAT Sensor hosted by METEOSAT_Station_1
Permanently irrigated land
Sensor Pluviometer_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
RAD Station number 1
RN_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
Roughness_SMOS_CATDS Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
SAVI_L8 Sensor hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
SAVI_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
SAVI_S2_Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Sensor SAVI UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
SMAP Product number 1
SMAP satellite.
SMOS Product number 1
SMOS satellite.
SM_NRT_SMOS_ESA Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
SM_S1 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-1 Product_1
SM_SMAP-S1_3km Sensor hosted by SMAP Product_1
SM_SMAP-S1_9km Sensor hosted by SMAP Product_1
SM_SMAP_36km Sensor hosted by SMAP Product_1
SM_SMOS-IC_CATDS Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
SM_SMOS_BEC Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
SM_SMOS_ESA Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
SM Station number 1
SM Station number 2
SM Station number 3
SM Station number 4
SM Station number 5
SM Station number 6
Sensor SM UAV Microwave hosted by UAV Microwave 1.
SM_freeze_and_Thaw_SMOS_ESA Sensor hosted by SMOS Product_1
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_1
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_2
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_3
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_4
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_5
Sensor SM_g hosted by SM_Station_6
Sensor SR_L8 hosted by Landsat-8 Product_1
SR_L9 Sensor hosted by Landsat-9 Product_1
SR_S2 Sensor hosted by Sentinel-2 Product_1
Sensor SR UAV Multispectral hosted by UAV Multispectral 1.
SW_down_g_RAD Sensor hosted by RAD_Station_1
Sensor SW_up_g_RAD hosted by RAD_Station_1
Sclerophyllous vegetation
Sentinel-1 Product number 1
Sentinel 1 satellite.
Sentinel-2 Product number 1
Sentinel 2 satellite.
Sentinel-3_OLCI Product number 1
Sentinel 3 OLCI satellite.
Sentinel-3_SLSTR Product number 1
Sentinel 3 SLSTR satellite.
Sensor SurfaceAlbedo_g_RAD hosted by RAD_Station_1
Sensor Thermometer_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Thermometer_EddyCovariance Sensor hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
UAV Hyperspectral platform.
UAV LiDAR platform.
UAV Microwave platform.
UAV Multispectral platform.
UAV RGB platform.
UAV Thermal platform.
Vineyards
Sensor WaterVapourFlux_g_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
Sensor WindVane_AEMET hosted by AEMET_UTIEL_Station
Sensor WindVane_EddyCovariance hosted by EddyCovariance_Station_1
A 'cloud mask' in remote sensing refers to a technique or dataset used to identify and delineate areas covered by clouds in an image captured from a satellite or other observation platform. This technique is crucial in remote sensing as clouds can obstruct visibility of the Earth's surface, making it challenging to interpret images and analyze data."
"'Cloud type' in remote sensing refers to the classification or categorization of clouds based on their visual characteristics and structural features observed in satellite or aerial imagery.
Precipitable Water Content (PWC) refers to the amount of water vapor present in a vertical column of the Earth's atmosphere. It is typically expressed in terms of thickness or depth, such as millimeters (mm) or inches (inches), and represents the total depth of liquid water that would result if all the water vapor in the column were condensed and collected.
PWC
Simplest ratio-based index is called the Simple Ratio (SR) or Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI). This index is simply the reflectance in the NIR band divided by the reflectance in the red band. A larger SR value indicates healthy vegetation, while lower values indicate soil, water or ice. SR = Near Infrared / Red
Earth's net radiation, sometimes called net flux, is the balance between incoming and outgoing energy at the top of the atmosphere.
Subsoil temperature at a depth of 5 cm and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
The temperature at any given depth (or in a layer) below the surface of the ground, excluding surficial snow and ice (but not permafrost or soil). For temperatures in surface lying snow and ice, the more specific standard names temperature_in_surface_snow and land_ice_temperature should be used. For temperatures measured or modelled specifically for the soil layer (the near-surface layer where plants sink their roots) the standard name soil_temperature should be used.
Subsoil temperature at a depth of 20 cm and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
Ground temperature, instantaneous temperature next to the ground and corresponding to the 10 minutes prior to the date given by 'fint' (degrees Celsius)
A Control Area is a spatially delimited region designated to enable consistent environmental observations, calibration activities, and cross-platform validation. It provides a reference zone where measurements can be collected under controlled or well-characterized conditions. Dimension 1 x1.
A Control Area is a spatially delimited region designated to enable consistent environmental observations, calibration activities, and cross-platform validation. It provides a reference zone where measurements can be collected under controlled or well-characterized conditions. Dimension 10 x10.
Fruit trees and berry plantations (olive, almond)
W3C/OGC Spatial Data on the Web Working Group
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names [[TGN](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/index.html)]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods may be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, spatial applicability of the resource, or jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
Coverage
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/coverage) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary where available. For example, for file formats one could use the list of Internet Media Types [[MIME](https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml)].
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Format
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/format) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system.
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Recommended practice is to use either a non-literal value representing a language from a controlled vocabulary such as ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-3, or a literal value consisting of an IETF Best Current Practice 47 [[IETF-BCP47](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)] language tag.
A language of the resource.
Language
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/language) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
Publisher
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Recommended practice is to identify the related resource by means of a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a string conforming to a formal identification system may be provided.
A related resource.
Relation
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
The topic of the resource.
Subject
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
A name given to the resource.
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/title) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [[DCMI-TYPE](http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/)]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the resource.
Type
A [second property](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/type) with the same name as this property has been declared in the [dcterms: namespace](http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document [DCMI Metadata Terms](/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
change note
A note about a modification to a concept.
editorial note
A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary.
The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
hidden label
A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations.
history note
A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept.
notation
A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme.
By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple.
An actuatable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest.
Actuatable Property
A window actuator acts by changing the state between a frame and a window. The ability of the window to be opened and closed is its ActuatableProperty.
An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the state of the world using an Actuator.
Actuation
The activity of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degree Celsius. The activity is the Actuation and the device that closes the window is the Actuator. The Procedure is the rule, plan, or specification that defines the conditions that triggers the Actuation, here a drop in temperature.
A device that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the state of the world.
Actuator
A window actuator for automatic window control, i.e., opening or closing the window.
A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to make an Observation, create a Sample, or make a change to the state of the world (via an Actuator). A Procedure is re-usable, and might be involved in many Observations, Samplings, or Actuations. It explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at reproducible results.
Procedure
The measured wind speed differs depending on the height of the sensor above the surface, e.g., due to friction. Consequently, procedures for measuring wind speed define a standard height for anemometers above ground, typically 10m for meteorological measures and 2m in Agrometeorology. This definition of height, sensor placement, and so forth are defined by the Procedure.
Many observations may be created via the same Procedure, the same way as many tables are assembled using the same instructions (as information objects, not their concrete realization).
A Sample is the result from an act of Sampling.
Feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made.
Physical samples are sometimes known as 'specimens'.
Samples are artifacts of an observational strategy, and have no significant function outside of their role in the observation process. The characteristics of the samples themselves are of little interest, except perhaps to the manager of a sampling campaign. A Sample is intended to sample some FatureOfInterest, so there is an expectation of at least one isSampleOf property. However, in some cases the identity, and even the exact type, of the sampled feature may not be known when observations are made using the sampling features.
Sample
A 'station' is essentially an identifiable locality where a sensor system or Procedure may be deployed and an observation made. In the context of the observation model, it connotes the 'world in the vicinity of the station', so the observed properties relate to the physical medium at the station, and not to any physical artifact such as a mooring, buoy, benchmark, monument, well, etc.
A statistical sample is often designed to be characteristic of an entire population, so that observations can be made regarding the sample that provide a good estimate of the properties of the population.
A transient sample, such as a ships-track or flight-line, might be identified and described, but is unlikely to be revisited exactly.
A device that is used by, or implements, a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.
Sampler
A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device.
An act of Sampling carries out a sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.
Sampling
Crushing a rock sample in a ball mill.
Digging a pit through a soil sequence.
Dividing a field site into quadrants.
Drawing blood from a patient.
Drilling an observation well.
Establishing a station for environmental monitoring.
Registering an image of the landscape.
Selecting a subset of a population.
Sieving a powder to separate the subset finer than 100-mesh.
Splitting a piece of drill-core to create two new samples.
Taking a diamond-drill core from a rock outcrop.
The simple value of an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling.
has simple result
For instance, the values 23 or true.
The time that the Result of an Observation, Actuation or Sampling applies to the FeatureOfInterest. Not necessarily the same as the resultTime. May be an Interval or an Instant, or some other compound TemporalEntity.
phenomenon time
A relation to link to a re-usable Procedure used in making an Observation, an Actuation, or a Sample, typically through a Sensor, Actuator or Sampler.
used procedure